What This Requirement Covers
Ramps provide step-free access between different levels in and around buildings. They must be designed to be safe, comfortable, and usable by wheelchair users, people with mobility impairments, and those using pushchairs or wheeled equipment. Requirements are set by both Approved Document K (protection from falling) and Approved Document M (access).
Key Requirements
Gradient
- Maximum 1:12 for short ramps (rise up to 166 mm)
- Maximum 1:15 for medium ramps (rise up to 300 mm)
- Maximum 1:20 for longer ramps (rise up to 500 mm)
- Preferred gradient for comfortable use: 1:20 or gentler
Dimensions
- Minimum width: 1500 mm (1200 mm with passing places at 1500 mm width every 10 metres)
- Maximum rise between landings: 500 mm
- Landing length at top and bottom: minimum 1200 mm (clear of door swings)
- Intermediate landings: minimum 1500 mm long
Handrails
- Required on both sides
- Heights: 900-1000 mm and 600 mm above the ramp surface
- Graspable profile: 40-50 mm diameter circular, or equivalent oval/rectangular section
- Must extend at least 300 mm beyond the top and bottom of the ramp (with a closed end to prevent snagging)
- Must be continuous along the full length of the ramp
Surface and Edge Protection
- Slip-resistant surface (minimum PTV 36 in wet conditions)
- Contrasting colour at the top and bottom edges
- Edge protection (kerb at least 100 mm high) on open sides to prevent wheelchair wheels from slipping off
- Tactile warning at the top and bottom
Practical Compliance Tips
- Consider whether a ramp can be avoided entirely by adjusting site levels to provide a level approach
- Integrate ramps into the landscape design for a natural appearance
- Ensure adequate drainage to prevent water ponding on the ramp surface (cross-fall maximum 1:50)
- Test the slip resistance of the ramp surface in wet conditions before handover
- Handrail ends must not protrude into the pedestrian route; return them to the wall or post
- In cold climates, consider heated ramp surfaces to prevent ice formation
- Check that the ramp is usable by powered wheelchair users; a gradient of 1:20 or better is strongly recommended