Ramp and Step Design for Building Access

What This Requirement Covers

Approved Documents M and K set out the requirements for ramps and steps at building entrances and within buildings. The aim is to ensure that buildings are accessible to all users, including wheelchair users, people with mobility impairments, and those using pushchairs or wheeled equipment.

Key Requirements

Ramps (Approved Document M)

1. Maximum gradient: 1:12 for rises up to 166 mm; 1:15 for rises up to 300 mm; 1:20 for rises up to 500 mm
2. Maximum rise between landings: 500 mm
3. Minimum width: 1500 mm (or 1200 mm with passing places at 1500 mm width every 10 metres)
4. Top and bottom landings: Minimum 1200 mm long (clear of door swings)
5. Handrails on both sides at heights of 900-1000 mm and 600 mm above the ramp surface
6. Handrails must extend at least 300 mm beyond the top and bottom of the ramp
7. Slip-resistant surface with a different texture at the top and bottom to warn users
8. Edge protection: A kerb at least 100 mm high on open sides to prevent wheelchair wheels from slipping off

Steps (Approved Documents K and M)

1. Rise: 150-170 mm per step (for external steps associated with building access)
2. Going: 280-425 mm per step
3. Uniform rise and going throughout the flight
4. Nosings: Contrasting colour nosing (minimum 55 mm on tread and 30 mm on riser) to aid visibility
5. Handrails on both sides at 900-1000 mm height
6. Tactile paving (corduroy hazard warning) at the top and bottom of external steps

Level Approaches

1. Where practicable, a level approach to the building entrance should be provided as an alternative to steps
2. The approach route should be at least 900 mm wide (1200 mm preferred) with a firm, slip-resistant surface
3. The approach should be well-lit and clearly signposted

Practical Compliance Tips

1. Where possible, design a level approach to the main entrance to avoid the need for ramps entirely
2. If a ramp is needed, integrate it into the landscape design rather than adding it as an afterthought
3. Ensure the ramp surface provides adequate grip in wet and icy conditions; textured concrete or resin-bound gravel are common choices
4. Handrails must be graspable (40-50 mm circular section or equivalent) and must not have sharp edges or obstructions
5. Nosings on steps must be permanently fixed and maintain their contrast over time; paint wears quickly and is not recommended
6. Provide adequate drainage at the foot of external ramps and steps to prevent water pooling
7. Consider the needs of ambulance crews and delivery personnel when designing step-free access to dwellings